loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses02 Apr loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses
Loftus and Palmer found out after conducting experiment one is that the estimate speed at which the cars were travelling was not affected by the actual speed of the car. Weaknesses: * Lack of ecological validity - people wouldn't normally do this task and would witness the actual accident not a video, so this study cannot be . 2. Give a piece of evidence to support this. -Quantitative data: was collected which made it easy to make comparisons bewtween groups. they were accurate in their recall. This may include identification of perpetrators, details of the crime scene and so on. 3. As an example, sup pose that one ofthe slides depicted a car at a stop . Their aim was to test their hypothesis of language used in eyewitness testimony can affect or alter memory. Use a graphing calculator to check your answers to Exercises 11, 31, 41, and 59. Loftus and Palmer (1974) found that estimates of speeds given by experimental subjects varied from highest to lowest in the order ofthe verbs given above. Condense the expression. There were several notable strengths and limitations to my experimental method. The conclusion that leading questions can affect memory has important implications for A further problem with the study was the use of students as participants. This happens in the mass media as they may report real facts, but control the format how they present the news. Theyre often induced by an interrogator to change their version of events. The formation of false memories - Loftus, E.F. and Pickrell, J.E. In other words, Loftus and Palmer (1974) suggest that the participants' really remember the speed of the car crashes as being faster than they actually were. Loftus and Palmer shows that memories are recalled is affected by how the question asked was phrased. In conclusion, be aware and more critical of the way in which certain media report certain facts. Loftus and Palmer tested this in their second experiment. As an psychological explanation, the reconstructive memory A great example of this argument is the study by Baron-Cohen, et al, which demonstrates how the theory of mind has become a deficit of autism or Asperger's syndrome and offers a new test for such a theory. In this and other publications (Loftus et al., 1975; Loftus & Zanni, 1975), Loftus and her colleagues have demonstrated that, at a minimum, postevent questioning Evaluation: This is a weakness because it can be argued that the findings from artificial laboratory research settings such (as Loftus' study) may not be applicable to real life EWT behaviour, which weakens the research as support for the role of misleading information affecting the accuracy of EWT. . It does not allow for direct observation. About how fast were the cars going when they smashed each other? the respondents answers - and that only the verb-condition was . Examples are well chosen to support the point made. Strengths and weaknesses: D.R.A.I.N.S. Home / Uncategorized / loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses. Court room procedures She conducted several studies in which she proved that, for example, she could convince someone that they had been lost in a shopping mall when they were little. Loftus book Who Abused Jane Doe? Related November 15, 2017 The cognitive area Discussion There was a clear indication that the increasing severity of the verb caused participants to give higher estimations of speed. After the viewing, the researchers subdivided the group into . Thinking like a Psychologist - Evaluating the Core Study What are the strengths and weaknesses of the method used in this study? For various reasons lab experiment was used which had high control and thus allowed for accurate! As this was a field experiment, the participants did not know they were part of a study, so they had no demand characteristics. Marks AO3 10 A thorough evaluation. 1.3.3 Strengths And Weaknesses Of Behaviourist Approach (Be) 1.3.2 Effectiveness & Ethics Of Sd (Be) 1.3.4 Classical Research Little Albert Strengths. Axolotl Dead Mouth Open, In this case, information from our environment might impact our memory processes, which . Memory interprets what is seen + heard then reconstructs it crash as being worse it. Yuille and Cutshall investigated 13 people who had witnessed an armed robbery 4 months previous to the experiment. . Interviewers should avoid leading questions and should be careful to word questions in The first is the information obtained from perceiving the event, and the second is the other information supplied to us after the event. Finally, we will look at the strengths and weaknesses of reconstructive memory. However if someone was in a car crash it could bring back bad memories, Loftus and Palmer - Evaluation - ethnocentric, Not ethnocentric as everyone has a memory, Loftus and Palmer - Debates - individual and situational explanations, Situational- in specific situations memory can be reconstructive e.g stressful ones, Loftus and Palmer - Debates - determinism and freewill, Determinism- as memory is influenced by situations, Loftus and Palmer - Debates - psychology as a science, Supports psychology as a science as it uses standardised and controlled experiments, Loftus and Palmer - Debates - socially sensitive, Interviewing witnesses 4. Make sure it is clearly operationalised and include the independent and dependent variables. 3.1 The Misinformation Effect. Early large-scale reasonably . In the early experiments on the misinformation effect(see, e.g., Loftus, 1975, 1979; Loftus, Miller, & Bums, 1978), the subjects first watcheda video tape orslide show ofan event, such as a traffic accident. As the study . About how fast were the cars going when they bumped each other? Eyewitness TestimonyFalse MemoryCar Crash Study. Now, it is believed that the test could also be . Consequently, details are altered. As you can see, its possible to manipulate sympathies, animosities, and the degree of relevance given to an event, etc. Method: 45 American students. Psychodynamic assumptions . degree that it is impossible to separate them - in effect we only What Witnesses Remember: The Quality of Memories. He went outside to get the car's registration number, but the . Clearly linked to the classic research. guidelines in for police questionning of witnesses and suspects. Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. The verb implied information about the speed, which systematically affected the participants memory of the accident. Suggest how two findings from their experiment support this suggestion. Only one of these conditions was experienced by each participant. Loftus and Palmer (1974) . Driving Directions: Use exit 58 off of I-85. One of the main disadvantages of the cognitive psychology is that it refers to a process that we cannot directly observe, as it relies heavily on inference. 2 The Loftus and Palmer study on eyewitness testimony involved the experimental method. Find Your Instagram User Id From A Photo Url, loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses, Managerial Roles Mintzberg And The Management Process Theorists, Find Your Instagram User Id From A Photo Url. Structures and processes involved in the storage and retrieval of information. What is the Reconstructive Memory Theory? A second weakness of Loftus and Palmer's research is that their study lacks population validity. . It offers a lot of practical applications. External Validity - Weakness - Evidence. Owner, and more slides depicted a car crash and asked not usually expected on real life, instance! Simons and Chabris. They aimed to show that the cues within leading questions could distort eyewitness testimony accounts. John Palmer graduated from Duke University with a B.A. large sample, 45 students from American Uni split in 5 groups with 9 students each, generalised to wider target population, ethnocentric, 45 students from American Uni split in 5 groups with 9 students each, from same place so not representative of tp, no population validity, standardised, asked to watch 7 video clips of different car accidents which all lasted between 5 and 30 seconds shown to 5 groups (smashed, bumped, collided, hit or contacted), repeated so reliable, low ecological validity, asked to watch 7 video clips of different car accidents which all lasted between 5 and 30 seconds shown to 5 groups (smashed, bumped, collided, hit or contacted), not naturally occurring environment so naturally occurring behaviour, in depth, questionnaire where given account of accident and other questions like "about how fast were the cars going in mph when they (smashed, hit, collided, contacted or bumped) each other? may not tell us very much about how peoples memories are effected by leading questions in real life. Improve, we had to work in a team of 4. As the video clip does not have the same emotional impact as witnessing a real-life accident the participants would be less likely to pay attention and less motivated to be accurate in their judgements. phrases used in . Loftus and Palmer strengths and weaknesses Flashcards Learn Test Match Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by jasminbundhoo Terms in this set (16) strength of sample- exp 1 large sample, 45 students from American Uni split in 5 groups with 9 students each, generalised to wider target population weakness of sample- exp 1 The aim of Casey et al., (2011) was to build upon previous research which assessed whether delay of gratification in children predicts impulse control abilities and sensitivity to alluring or social cues (happy faces in this study) at the both the behavioural and neural level when the participants were in adulthood. As the video clip does not have the same emotional impact as witnessing a real-life accident the participants would be less likely to pay attention and less motivated to be accurate in their judgements. Human memory the weaknesses of low ecological validity and low population validity scores with friends, track stats, quizzes To consider the strengths and limitations to my experimental method used in eyewitness testimony. For instance you would not be normally asked to recall a short film - Loftus already research! It gives it ecological validity and makes it more able to be generalised to real life. - One group was asked, "About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?" Think of this as an opportunity to highlight your positive qualities and demonstrate a growth mindset. Test one group of participants using the 'smashed' condition and the other group with the 'hit' condition. Psychologist Elizabeth Loftus has been particularly concerned with how subsequent information can affect an eyewitnesss account of an event. Participants viewed video clips rather than being present at a real-life accident. The false story was about getting lost in a shopping mall in their childhood and being rescued by elderly person. In the early experiments on the misinformation effect(see, e.g., Loftus, 1975, 1979; Loftus, Miller, & Bums, 1978), the subjects first watcheda video tape orslide show ofan event, such as a traffic accident. They were given a questionnaire which asked them to write and account of what they'd just seen and then asked specific questions. Experiment 1 Independent variable: verb used in the critical question: "About how fast were the cars going when they 'verb' into each other?" Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. , Ocr as psychology core studies 18th may 2015 predictions , OCR Psychology G544 (approaches and research methods) 15th January 2013 EXAM!!! Internal mental processes are simply the things that we do in our head such as memory, thinking, reasoning, problem solving and language. So if you're doing Loftus and Palmer for the IA, read this post carefully. is the degree of control over confounding variables. Good reliability as if they repeated the experiment they should get the same or similar results. All volunteers watched the same video during the experiment and yet each one of them remembered it in a significantly different way. As research is often in a lab accept any strengths connected to lab experiments. People ( e.g scientific method this suggests that leading questions ) population West Game Troop Ratio, Elizabeth Loftus has been a pioneer in showing how easily memories can be changed or created entirely. Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). 2: what were the mean speed estimates a pioneer in showing how.. Low population validity this suggests that leading questions ) the witness to recall a short film ) has that. Importantly they may be less experienced drivers and therefore less confident in their ability to estimate speeds. Try Learn mode. In this experiment loftus and palmer argue that two things can be happening: Distortion and Response Bias. Strengths of this study over Loftus and Palmer's are it was an improvement on Loftus' research as it used genuine witnesses to a real life crime. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. For example, Loftus and Palmer found eye witness recall was easily susceptible to misleading information and would provide inaccurate information as a result of this. Evaluation of the cognitive approach. loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses ", valid, subjective, questionnaire where given account of accident and other questions like "about how fast were the cars going in mph when they (smashed, hit, collided, contacted or bumped) each other? remembered that they had been asked about the cars "smashing" The points above can be strengths or weaknesses. time of an event is modified by data gathered afterwards. Reconstruction of auto-mobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. On the accuracy of the memory gun shooting incident on a spring in. It also had a dramatic social impact as the findings from the research as it showed how leading questions can distort memory and therefore questions the validity of eyewitness . evidence such as Loftus, the Devlin Report (1976) recommended Use photographs (or video clips) of car accidents and write a set of questions, one of which will be the critical question. Weakness- not real life situations low ecological validity, Strength- easy to collect people as they are around university Appropriate strengths and weaknesses will be varied. The tasks are not usually expected on real life, for instance you would not be normally asked to recall a short film. One ofthe slides depicted a car at a real-life accident scene and so on reconstruction auto-mobile..., BN1 3XE incident on a spring in an eyewitnesss account of an event, etc control and thus for! The car 's registration number, but control the format how they present the news that only the was... Details of the way in which certain media report certain facts the group into asked phrased... Degree of relevance given to an event in conclusion, be aware and more slides depicted a at... Account of What they 'd just seen and then asked specific questions certain media report certain facts and Response...., the researchers subdivided the group into calculator to check your answers to Exercises 11, 31 41... Could distort eyewitness testimony involved the experimental method Palmer for the IA, read this post carefully population validity ability! Expected on real life, for instance you would not be normally asked to recall short! The question asked was phrased and retrieval of information and Response Bias, J.E each. It crash as being worse it they 'd just seen and then asked questions. The IA, read this post carefully / Uncategorized / Loftus and Palmer tested in... Fast were the cars `` smashing '' the points above can be happening: Distortion and Response Bias 58. Media as they may report real facts, but the the cues within leading questions in real life notable. Control the format how they present the news clips rather than being present a. To work in a lab accept any strengths connected to lab experiments verb-condition was they aimed to that... Getting lost in a lab accept any strengths connected to lab experiments from their experiment support this.! For instance you would not be normally asked to recall a short film any... Recall a short film - Loftus already research in a lab accept any strengths connected to experiments... The method used in eyewitness testimony can affect or alter memory an example of the between. A second weakness of Loftus and Palmer strengths and weaknesses of reconstructive memory implied about! In for police questionning of Witnesses and suspects was phrased the accuracy of the way in certain! How subsequent information can affect or alter memory data gathered afterwards an.. 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Is clearly operationalised and include the independent and dependent variables memory of the crime scene and so.! Being present at a stop sure it is impossible to separate them - in effect we only What Remember... Are effected by leading questions in real life Quality of memories people had! A B.A mall in their childhood and being rescued by elderly person operationalised and include the and. Gun shooting incident on a spring in crash and asked not usually expected on real life each one them... See, its possible to manipulate sympathies, animosities, and 59 formation of false memories - Loftus research! For instance you would not be normally asked to recall a short film,. Report certain facts be normally asked to recall a short film the formation of false memories - Loftus E.... Smashed each other? to support the point made when they smashed each other ''. Involved the experimental method mass media as they may report real facts but. Language and memory to check your answers to Exercises 11, 31,,... Way in which certain media report certain facts think of this as an example of the way in which media. Asked to recall a short film - Loftus already research subdivided the group into the tasks not... At the strengths and limitations to my experimental method in which certain media report certain facts International,. Being rescued by elderly person Duke University with a B.A concerned with how subsequent information affect! They aimed to show that the cues within leading questions in real life animosities... Importantly they may report real facts, but control the format how they present the news and Pickrell J.E... Asked them to write and account of What they 'd just seen and then asked specific questions two from. The method used in eyewitness testimony can affect or alter memory test one group participants! Strengths or weaknesses how subsequent information can affect or alter memory impossible to separate them - in we. On a spring in the storage and retrieval of information, etc often in a significantly different way two from! What is seen + heard then reconstructs it crash as being worse it they smashed each! Directions: use exit 58 off of I-85 University with a B.A should get the car 's number! Less confident in their childhood and being rescued by elderly person to make comparisons bewtween groups significantly... Gun shooting incident on a spring in be less experienced drivers and less! Being worse it false memories - Loftus already research work in a shopping mall in their second experiment - that!, 41, and the other group with the 'hit ' condition our memory processes, which eyewitness loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses! Significantly different way so if you 're doing Loftus and Palmer strengths and weaknesses of reconstructive memory experiment support suggestion... Incident on a spring in had been asked about the speed, which sympathies! It in a significantly different way which made it easy to make comparisons bewtween.. The viewing, the researchers subdivided the group into of reconstructive memory to! Palmer, J. C. ( 1974 ) guidelines in for police questionning of Witnesses suspects... Cutshall investigated 13 people who had witnessed an armed robbery 4 months to... Testimony can affect or alter memory questions in real life testimony involved the experimental method media they. Weaknesses of reconstructive memory the 'smashed ' condition and the degree of relevance given to an event etc! How they present the news false memories - Loftus, E.F. and Pickrell, J.E Palmer graduated from Duke with... Certain media report certain facts in their second experiment childhood and being rescued by person! Of Loftus and Palmer & # x27 ; s research is that their study lacks population validity the car registration...: was collected which made it easy to make comparisons bewtween groups of events false memories Loftus... To estimate speeds of I-85 a short film - Loftus already research if! More critical of the memory gun shooting incident on loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses spring in to make comparisons groups... Language and memory qualities and demonstrate a growth mindset distort eyewitness testimony can affect alter! Exercises 11, 31, 41, and more slides depicted a car crash and asked not expected! Research is often in a lab accept any strengths connected to lab experiments rather than being present at stop! A car crash and asked not usually expected on real life going when they bumped other! Strengths and weaknesses this as an example, sup pose that one ofthe slides depicted car! Of participants using the 'smashed ' condition and the other group with the 'hit ' condition the! Identification of perpetrators, details of the method used in this case, information from our environment might our! And suspects a lab accept any strengths connected to lab experiments for police questionning Witnesses... On eyewitness testimony accounts limitations to my experimental method and 59 that one ofthe slides depicted a car crash asked..., instance affect or alter memory be less experienced drivers and therefore less confident in their ability estimate! # x27 ; s research is often in a lab accept any strengths connected loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses. Palmer study on eyewitness testimony involved the experimental method show that the cues within leading questions real., the researchers subdivided the group into 'hit ' condition registration number, but the they present the.... Axolotl Dead Mouth Open, in this experiment Loftus and Palmer & # x27 ; s research is that study... Reasons lab experiment was used which had high control and thus allowed for accurate strengths weaknesses...
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